It derives from British Romney Marsh stock imported to New Zealand in the nineteenth century, and was established as a separate breed in 1904.

It was established as a separate breed in 1904 with the formation of the New Zealand Romney Marsh Sheep Breeders' Association, and the first flock-book was published in the following year.

[3]: 20 It has contributed to the development of a number of modern breeds, among them the Coopworth, the Drysdale, the Elliotdale, the Perendale and the Tukidale in New Zealand, and the Romeldale in the United States.

Ewes have good maternal qualities, but low prolificacy compared to some other breeds.

Fleeces weigh about 6 kg; staple length is in the range 180–230 mm, with a fibre diameter of some 32–36 μm (Bradford count 48/46s).