In mathematics, the Newton polytope is an integral polytope associated with a multivariate polynomial.
It can be used to analyze the polynomial's behavior when specific variables are considered negligible relative to the others.
Specifically, given a vector
of variables and a finite family
of pairwise distinct vectors from
each encoding the exponents within a monomial, consider the multivariate polynomial where we use the shorthand notation
Then the Newton polytope associated to
is the convex hull of the vectors
; that is In order to make this well-defined, we assume that all coefficients
are non-zero.
The Newton polytope satisfies the following homomorphism-type property: where the addition is in the sense of Minkowski.
Newton polytopes are the central object of study in tropical geometry and characterize the Gröbner bases for an ideal.
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