In 2002, Talley returned to the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota to become the Co-Director of the Center for Enteric Neurosciences Translational and Epidemiological Research Program.
[3] Talley also practices as a gastroenterologist at the John Hunter Hospital in New Lambton Heights, New South Wales.
Australia Day 2018, he was awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) "For eminent service to medical research, and to education in the field of gastroenterology and epidemiology, as an academic, author and administrator at the national and international level, and to health and scientific associations".
In 2018, he received a further two prestigious awards for his work in Science: Talley's research interests are in neurogastroenterology; including the treatment, pathophysiology and epidemiology of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome; he is considered an international authority in the field.
He was a member of the Rome Foundation Board for 17 years (the authority in the classification of all the functional GI disorders).
Talley is the principal investigator on an extensive research portfolio, including a large multi-center National Institute of Health funded randomized controlled trial in functional dyspepsia (UO1).
Talley and O'Connor wrote this book because many of the existing textbooks omitted useful clinical examination techniques.