[1] Treschow was born in Strømsø, now part of Drammen in Buskerud.
Treschow was rector at the Trondheim Cathedral School from 1774-1780 and later served as an educator in Oslo and Copenhagen.
Today, the main building of the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Oslo bears his name.
[3] He served as Minister of Education and Church Affairs 1814–1816, 1817–1819, 1820–1822 and 1823–1825, and member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm 1816–1817, 1819–1820, and 1822–1823.
He was elected a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in 1790.