Aksentijević started playing football with hometown club Radnički Kragujevac.

Originally a defensive midfielder, Aksentijević was converted into a right-back by Teleoptik manager Vuk Rašović during this period.

[4] On 6 July 2011, Aksentijević signed his first professional contract with Partizan, on a five-year deal.

[7] He failed to make his competitive debut for the club, playing exclusively for Vitesse's U21 team during the 2012–13 season.

He made his full international debut for Serbia on 14 November 2017, coming on as an injury-time substitute for Antonio Rukavina in a 1–1 friendly draw against South Korea in Ulsan.