Nikolai Bernstein

He was interested in languages and philosophy and wanted to be a linguist so he enrolled at Moscow University to study History and Philology.

However, as World War I broke out in the summer of 1914, the Bernstein family felt the need to help their country during these hard times.

The purpose of the study was to optimize productivity, and Bernstein's analysis focused on cutting metal with a chisel.

He studied the development of walking as humans matured and aged, and he also examined the gaits of those with brain damage.

He met Bernstein, who alongside Alexander Luria also acted as interpreter for Wiener when he delivered his lecture at Moscow State University.

As a result, a given movement can be realized with an infinite number of muscle activation patterns (also referred to as the 'inverse dynamics problem').

Even though a goal can be reached in an infinite number of ways, many studies have revealed very consistent and stereotypical patterns of kinematics and muscle activation.

Bernstein work opened a new discipline called kinesiology that study the structure and mechanisms of motion.