Nikolai Pavlovich Chaplin (Russian: Николай Павлович Чаплин; 19 December 1902 – 23 September 1938) was a Soviet politician who served as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol from 1924 to 1928 as well as the first Chairman of the Young Pioneers movement in 1922.

In September 1921, he served as the Head of the Political Education Department of the Yekaterinburg Provincial Committee of the Komsomol.

[8] He was also a candidate member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1930.

[9] After ending his term as the First Secretary, he secretly visited Germany, England, Belgium, and Turkey under disguise.

He furthered studied Marxism-Leninism after being appointed as the Secretary of the Transcaucasian Region Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.