Nikolai Leonidovich Dukhov (Russian: Николай Леонидович Духов; 8 November [O.S.

26 October] 1904 – 1 May 1964) was a Soviet designer of cars, tractors, tanks and nuclear weapons.

In 1926, the factory Komsomol assembly sent him to study in an institute in Kharkiv, followed by a transfer without test to mechanical faculty in the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute to study engineer-design for tractors and cars.

In World War II he was the co-designer (along with Josef Kotin) of the Stalin heavy tank.

In 1948, he was nominated as the assistant to Yulii Khariton, the chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb.