Nikolai Fyodorov was born in 1958 in the village of Chyodino, Mariinsko-Posadsky District of the Chuvash ASSR (now part of Novocheboksarsk), into a large family of a WWII veteran.

[2] In March 1993, during the power struggle between the reformist cabinet and anti-reform legislature Fyodorov resigned protesting against the unconstitutional introduction of a "special procedure for governing" by Boris Yeltsin.

[3] Fyodorov critically assessed the dispersal of the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of Russia in October 1993.

Fyodorov was elected to the State Duma on the list of the Democratic Party of Russia, became a member of the Defense Committee.

[citation needed] Fyodorov opposed Russian President Boris Yeltsin's policies in Chechnya and Vladimir Putin's 2000 federal reform initiatives.

In January 2014, Fyodorov arrived in Berlin for the Green Week agriculture exhibition on a business-class Cessna private jet, which was registered in Serbia.

[12] In March 2015 deputy chairman of the Committee on Agrarian Policy of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Pavel Grudinin criticized Fyodorov's department for imposing transport tax on agricultural machinery operating in the fields, despite the fact that this transport is not intended to use the motorways.