Nils Samuel Swederus also Svederus (24 August 1751 – 1833) was a Swedish naturalist.
His parents were Sigtuna Magnus Svederus and Anna Maria Christiernin.
Nils Samuel Swederus studied theology and other disciplines at the University of Uppsala.
From 1784 to 1786 he made scientific trips to several European countries—to England, France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Nils Samuel Swederus was especially interested in entomology and was elected to membership of several learned societies in Sweden and abroad.