Following the plot's failure and her husband's execution, she was arrested and imprisoned, during which time she delivered her youngest child.
Born Elisabeth Magdalena Freiin von Lerchenfeld in Kowno, Imperial Russia (now Kaunas, Lithuania), in 1913, she was known by her nickname "Nina".
Her mother was a Baltic German noblewoman, great-granddaughter of Count Johan Mauritz von Hauke, which made Nina a third cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
The marriage produced five children: After her husband's failed attempt to assassinate Hitler (he was summarily executed the following evening), the Countess von Stauffenberg was arrested by the Gestapo and taken into custody under the ancient Sippenhaft law reinstated by the Nazi government.
At the time of her husband's death, Stauffenberg was pregnant and gave birth while imprisoned in a Nazi maternity center in Frankfurt an der Oder.