The territories of the former principality adjacent to Nizhny Novgorod formed the Nizhny Novgorod Uezd, which bordered on the Galichsky, Kurmyshsky, Muromsky, Gorokhovetsky, Suzdalsky, Yuryevetsky, and later on the Kozmodemyansky, Alatyrsky, Arzamassky and Balakhninsky Uezds.

In 1680, the Duma clerk Larion Ivanov developed a document for Tsar Feodor III, revising the well-established boyar titles.

In 1779, separate Semyonovsky, Makaryevsky, Knyagininsky, Gorbatovsky Uezds were separated from the Nizhegorodsky Uezd, some territories were transferred to Vasilsursky and Balakhna counties, and all of them became part of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate.

At the time of the Russian Empire census of 1897, Nizhegorodsky Uyezd had a population of 222,033.

Of these, 97.6% spoke Russian, 1.0% Yiddish, 0.4% Tatar, 0.4% Polish, 0.2% German, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% Ukrainian as their native language.