Having collected hospital records from a whistleblower, Chicana lawyer Antonia Hernandez led the lawsuit against powerful institutions.
The doctors made her sign in a gurney while experiencing a lot a pain and discomfort after giving birth.
María Hurtado: A strong willed woman who found way to cross the traditional boundaries of the role of Chicana women.
Her strong relationship with her husband, who she has been married to for 51 and half years, is evident throughout the film, many clips depicting the two dancing.
After learning about the sterilization several weeks after it occurred, her relationship with her husband became strained, who directed his anger at her verbally and physically.
A UCLA Law School Graduate, Hernandez immigrated from Mexico and grew up in East LA.
Employed at the Los Angeles Center for Law and Justice (LACLJ), she was one of the two attorneys who filed Madrigal v. Quilligan at the age of 26.
Hernandez would spend her time driving up and down Lincoln Heights in East LA, trying to find the mothers, many of whom their statute of limitation had ended.
Ms. Antonia felt that the only way to go to court was to file a class action lawsuit to claim that the women's right to have babies was denied.
She later became the President of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund and is now the CEO of the California Community Foundation.
Was able to file a motion that dismissed Dr. Quilligan and Dr. Roger Freeman from the case for not having direct responsibility and not being present during the sterilizations.
He found the defendants not guilty and that "the cultural background of these particular women has contributed to the problem" of these sterilizations taking place.
As the main defendant in the Madrigal trial, he denied and claimed that he was unaware of the multiple accounts of forced sterilization that took place in USC.
"He could've stopped the problem completely.....but it kept happening" "No private doctor would ever go up to a woman in a private hospital while she was in labor about having her tubes tied"[2] Dr. Karen Benker: An obstetric technician conducting rounds at USC during the times of the sterilizations from 1967 to 1971, during her time there, she was exposed to the many members of staffs attitudes towards the sterilizations of minority women.
On one account, she described how she was on an obstetrics rotation and Dr. Quilligan took the doctors on a tour and declared that the hospital had gotten a grant to see how far they could cut the negro and Mexican.
He claimed it was "horrible to have your name splashed on the front page of the LA Times, having headlines questioning your motives.
In the film, she discussed the message of the infamous book, The Population Bomb by Stanford University Professor Paul R. Ehrlich.
Provided history on the concept and reasonings behind the major push for family planning in the '70s in the United States.
Ibanez claims that the judge used him during the trial to justify the reasoning that the doctors would not have known about the effects of sterilization on if it took him, an anthropologist, 6 months to figure it out.
She described that during the time of the trial, women were strongly beginning to ask about their reproductive rights, but people were not considering coerced sterilization.
Family planning was a major push in the '70s to control population growth and supply, especially minority women, access to health services that they previously did not have before.
There were many rushed labors in the hospital and women would sign consensus forms for tubal ligation without reading the document.