Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. (Chopin)

[1][2] First published 21 years after the composer's death, the piece is usually referred to as Lento con gran espressione, from its tempo marking.

[4] This was also the piece played by Holocaust survivor and famed Polish pianist Władysław Szpilman (the central figure of the 2002 Roman Polanski film The Pianist) during the last live broadcast of Polish radio on September 23, 1939 when Warsaw was besieged by the German army.

The piece is marked Lento con gran espressione and is written in common time.

After a quiet introduction, the main theme starts at bar 5, with the left hand playing broken chords in legato slurs throughout the section, imparting a haunting and continuous quality to the music.

The middle section contains a number of quotations from Chopin's second piano concerto in F minor which was composed around the same time (1829).