Nogeoldae

The Nogeoldae ('Old Cathayan') is a textbook of colloquial northern Chinese published in Korea in several editions from the 14th to 18th centuries.

The word Qǐdà (Korean Geoldae; Old Mandarin Khita[1]) of the title, like the term Cathay, is a transcription of the Mongolian form of Khitan, a people who ruled northern China as the Liao dynasty (907–1125).

[4] The word lǎo (老, Korean no, literally 'old') had been used as a prefix indicating familiarity (as in modern Standard Chinese) since at least the Tang period.

[5] The book mainly consists of dialogs centered on a journey of a Korean merchant to Beijing, and the Chinese travelers who join him on the way.

[2] It includes valuable information on the colloquial Old Mandarin of the Yuan dynasty, called "Han'er speech" (漢兒言語) in this book.

[2][15] This edition is now conventionally called the Beonyeok Nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 "New Translation of the 'Old Cathayan'") to distinguish it from the original.

[18][19] During the Qing dynasty, the Chinese text was revised again as the Nogeoldae Sinseok (老乞大新釋 "New edition of the 'Old Cathayan'"), which was published in 1761.

First page of the Junggan Nogeoldae (1795)
Mongolian edition