The Nogeoldae ('Old Cathayan') is a textbook of colloquial northern Chinese published in Korea in several editions from the 14th to 18th centuries.
The word Qǐdà (Korean Geoldae; Old Mandarin Khita[1]) of the title, like the term Cathay, is a transcription of the Mongolian form of Khitan, a people who ruled northern China as the Liao dynasty (907–1125).
[4] The word lǎo (老, Korean no, literally 'old') had been used as a prefix indicating familiarity (as in modern Standard Chinese) since at least the Tang period.
[5] The book mainly consists of dialogs centered on a journey of a Korean merchant to Beijing, and the Chinese travelers who join him on the way.
[2] It includes valuable information on the colloquial Old Mandarin of the Yuan dynasty, called "Han'er speech" (漢兒言語) in this book.
[2][15] This edition is now conventionally called the Beonyeok Nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 "New Translation of the 'Old Cathayan'") to distinguish it from the original.
[18][19] During the Qing dynasty, the Chinese text was revised again as the Nogeoldae Sinseok (老乞大新釋 "New edition of the 'Old Cathayan'"), which was published in 1761.