Nong Bua Lamphu (Thai: หนองบัวลำภู, RTGS: Nong Bua Lam Phu, pronounced [nɔ̌ːŋ būa lām pʰūː]; Northeastern Thai: หนองบัวลำภู, pronounced [nɔ̌ːŋ būa la᷇m pʰu᷇ː]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat).

This place was formerly a Lao stronghold and named "Nakhon Khuean Khan Kab Kaew Bua Ban" (Thai: นครเขื่อนขันธ์กาบแก้วบัวบาน).

During the existence of the Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang (1354–1707), Nong Bua Lam Phu was traditionally given to the crown prince (Uparat) to rule.

[8] In 1827, Chao Anou of Vientiane designated Phagna Narin to be governor at the onset of the Laotian Rebellion of 1826–1828.

On 6 October 2022, a mass murder occurred at and near a daycare center in Uthai Sawan, a town located in the province.

As of 26 November 2019 there are:[12] one Nong Bua Lamphu Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 24 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province.

The non-municipal areas are administered by 43 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations – SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).