[1] After secondary education at Essen's Burggymnasium, Schappacher studied from 1969 to 1971 at the University of Bonn, where he was taught by (among others) Günter Harder and Friedrich Hirzebruch.
Schappacher obtained his Vordiplom in 1971 at the University of Göttingen, where he studied from 1971 to 1974 and was taught by (among others) Hans Grauert, Ulrich Stuhler, and Martin Kneser.
For the academic year 1974–1975, Schappacher studied as an exchange student at the University of California, Berkeley, where his teachers included Tsit Yuen Lam and Robin Hartshorne.
[2] There in 1978 he received his doctorate with advisor Martin Kneser and thesis Eine diophantische Invariante von Singularitäten über nichtarchimedischen Körpern (A diophantine invariant of singularities over non-Archimedean fields).
He was in 1986 at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) in Berkeley, then worked in 1987 as an assistant professor in Orsay and was from 1987 to 1991 a Heisenberg fellow at the MPI in Bonn.