With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+22, it is the most Republican district in North Carolina.

Republican Pat Harrigan has represented the district since 2025.

The 10th district was part of the controversial statewide redistricting by the Republican-led state legislature in 2011.

While this made the 10th approximately seven points more Democratic, it was not nearly enough to overcome the heavy Republican tilt in the western Charlotte suburbs.

On February 23, 2022, the North Carolina Supreme Court approved a new map which changed the 10th district boundaries to include Alexander, Burke, Catawba, Iredell and Lincoln Counties, northwest Gaston County, eastern Rutherford County and a small section of southeastern Caldwell County.