[6] In 1933, Pan-Islamic and Pan-Turkic separatists declared an Islamic Republic of East Turkestan based on constitutionally-enshrined Sharia law.

[6] With Soviet Union backing, separatists declared a second short-lived East Turkestan Republic in 1944 based in Yining.

[6] A separatist movement drawing on the legacy of the short-lived East Turkestan Republics continues today.

[6] During China's land reform movement (which began after the defeat of the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War and continued in the early years of the People's Republic of China), the Communist Party encouraged rural women in achieving a "double fanshen" - a revolutionary transformation as both a peasant and a feminist awakening as a woman.

[8] The land reform movement succeeded among Hui people because activists first won over elder generations.