The organization manages more than 200 historic buildings, living history sites, vessels, and specialized museums and about one million artifacts and specimens, either directly or through a system of co-operative agreements with societies and local boards.

The NSM delivers programs, exhibits and products which provide both local residents and tourists in Nova Scotian communities an opportunity to experience and learn about Nova Scotia's social and natural history.

The Nova Scotia Museum began with the collection of the Mechanics Institute in Halifax, founded in December 1831.

[4] The museum staff and volunteers undertake a variety of restoration projects,[5] create cultural and natural history displays,[6] and participate in historical reenactments.

The organization also issues Heritage Research Permits, allowing scientists to collect and study fossils and other archaeological artifacts.