[1] The first buildings of Nowa Sarzyna were constructed in the late 1930s to house workers of a new chemical plant, built as part of Poland's Central Industrial Region.

The first traces of settlement along the sandy banks of the San River date back to the Neolithic period (around 4500 BC), with early settlers being nomadic hunters.

[2] Settlement in the southeastern part of the Sandomierz Forest revived in the 14th and 15th centuries, coinciding with the development of a water trade route along the San River.

In the 19th century, Sarzyna's development was influenced by figures such as Father Marceli Śleczkowski, a parish priest who was a member of the Literary Society in Kraków and involved in the canonization of St. Józef Kuncewicz.

In 1840, Baron Wilhelm Hompesch, an Austrian magnate, bought nearby Łętownia, and under his son Ferdynand, a railway line from Rozwadów to Przeworsk was constructed.

The area's development accelerated in 1937 with the construction of chemical plants as part of the Central Industrial District (COP), initiated by Deputy Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski.