Its name was adopted after a dispute with the Communist Party of Argentina caused a division between its members,[2] resulting in the organization of an extraordinary congress that gave way to the foundation of the PCCE between December 1–2, 1996.

In December 1996, a group of Communist Party militants, opposed to Patricio Echegaray, held an Extraordinary Congress, as a result of an internal dispute with the leadership of the Central Committee.

The ultimate objective of the PCCE, manifested by its militants and leaders, is the installation of a socialist and communist system in Argentina, derived from a process of national and social liberation.

The PCCE has also joined the Popular and National Transversal Front led by Edgardo Depetri, of which it no longer participates, as well as a nascent coalition of social organizations, political parties, and mayors of various origins.

On April 27, 2012, numerous political and social organizations came together in a massive event at the Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield stadium, in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Liniers.

Under the slogan "United and Organized", the next steps were proposed on the path of political unity within the kirchnerist militancy, in support and defense of the government of the then president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

The party debuted in the 1999 Argentine general election as a part of the Resistance Front, which together with the current Patria Libre, presented Jorge Reyna and Gabriel Moccia as candidates.

In 2005, the PCCE adhered to the frontist proposal launched by some transversal leaders, but given its failure, they decided to openly call for the Front for Victory to vote,[4] publishing photos of Cristina Fernández and Rafael Bielsa in their press.

In 2015, after 10 years in the Front for Victory, the PCCE once again supported its candidacy for the 2015 presidential elections, with Daniel Scioli as president, a candidate highly questioned by the rest of the Argentinian left.