Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei was described in 2017 by the herpetologist Sonali Garg and her colleagues based on an adult male specimen collected from the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in the state of Tamil Nadu.

[1] In adult males, the upperside is reddish-brown, with a pair of light orangish-brown bands running from behind the eyelids to the middle of the back.

The limbs are light brown with faint dark grey horizontal bands, with the hands and feet being slightly darker.

[1] N. robinmoorei can be distinguished from other species in its genus by a combination of its small snout–vent length; the head being almost as wide as it is long; the absence of webbed feet; weakly developed glandular folds on the upper sides, separated by scattered granular projections; the presence of the dorso-terminal groove (groove on the upper side of the tip of the digit) on the third finger and fourth toe; the discs on third finger and fourth toe being slightly wider than the finger and toe, respectively; a single tubercle on the palm; the thigh being longer than both the lower leg and foot; and the forearm being longer than the hand.

[1] N. robinmoorei is endemic to the Western Ghats of India, where it is known only from its type locality in Tirunelveli district, south of the Palakkad Gap in Tamil Nadu.

All known specimens of the frog have been collected from a marshy area with thick ground vegetation near a stream inside primary forest at an elevation of 1,290 m (4,230 ft).