Obesity in Indonesia

[7] In an article published by Elsevier, deducing the data from 1993 until 2007 of the Indonesia Family and Life Survey of the Rand Corporation, it illustrates that it was found evident of main trends and determinants of obesity to be correlated with higher standards of living.

[8][2] In 2022, Indonesian government is developing strategies to prevent obesity in children to lower the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes.

In 2005, a regional study conducted by the Global Health Action found that the prevalence of obesity/overweight for adults in Indonesia, aged 25 to 64, was significantly higher for women than men with rates of 23.9% and 9.5% respectively.

In 2013, the Basic Healthy Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health showed that the prevalence of obesity in adult women has substantially increased from 14.8% to 32.9%.

[3] In a dietary study by Rachmi et al. (2017), the result was that the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents who frequently ate fried and oily food more than 4 times a week is higher than their counterparts at 7.2% and 4.7% respectively.

[2] In a study in 2007 and 2009, conducted in DKI Jakarta and Banda Aceh Municipality, it was evident that higher consumption of fried food contributed to the prevalence of obesity.

[2] In 2011, the German Development Economics Conference paper explicitly mentioned that the apart from the change of food consumption pattern, physical activities during both work and leisure time is strongly related to the increasing prevalence of obesity in the Indonesian population.

A study by Aizawa and Helble (2017) found that due to increased economic development and urbanization, the labour-intense jobs are being replaced with more automated methods of work thus requiring lesser physical activity.

[8] An article published by Elsevier found that the education attainment for both parents and children have a significant impact on the prevalence of obesity of the population.

[2] In study conducted in 2013 and 2014 revealed that the prevalence of obesity among adults aged 19 to 55, are substantially higher in those living in non-rural urban areas.

[2] According to the World Health Organization (2000), women aged 19 to 55 living in urban areas also have higher prevalence rate compared to their counterpart at 32.4% and 25.9% respectively.

According to the German Development Economics Conference paper, in 1998, it is stated that infrastructure in the rural areas of Indonesia had an impact on food consumption thus obesity rates.

[3] In 2018, the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention published a research article and was found that obesity was "one of the risk factor for non-communicable diseases" which escalates mortality rate.

Furthermore, the country's total indirect costs due to obesity amounted to approximately $28.3 billion or equivalent to 368.25 trillion Rupiah.