Oboyan (Russian: Обоя́нь) is a town and the administrative center of Oboyansky District in Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Psyol at its confluence with the Oboyanka, 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of Kursk, the administrative center of the oblast.

[8] It was founded in 1639 as a fortress on the southern borders of the Russian state.

[citation needed] During World War I, Oboyan was occupied by German troops on April 17–19, 1918.

During the Russian Civil War, Oboyan was controlled by the troops of General Denikin on August 17–30, 1918 and from September 13, 1918 to November 26, 1919.

During World War II, Oboyan was occupied by German troops from November 16, 1941 to February 18, 1943.