Agbaji stopped playing soccer as a sophomore at Oak Park High School in Kansas City, Missouri to focus on basketball.

[3] In his basketball career at Oak Park, Agbaji did not receive offers from any Power Five college programs until his senior season.

As a senior, he averaged 27.6 points and 8.6 rebounds per game for Oak Park and was named Kansas City Star All-Metro player of the year.

[7] In early January 2019, his redshirt was lifted because Kansas needed depth after Udoka Azubuike suffered a season-ending injury and Silvio De Sousa faced eligibility issues.

[8] On January 29, Agbaji made his first career start, scoring 24 points, bringing in seven rebounds, and stealing the ball twice in a loss to Texas.

[10] On November 5, 2019, Agbaji made his sophomore season debut, scoring 15 points in a loss to fourth-ranked Duke at the Champions Classic.

[14] Agbaji made his senior season debut on November 9, 2021, recording 29 points in an 87–74 win against Michigan State at the Champions Classic.

[25] On February 8, 2024, Agbaji was traded to the Toronto Raptors alongside Kelly Olynyk in exchange for Kira Lewis Jr., Otto Porter Jr. and a 2024 first-round draft pick, which became the 29th selection.