The Ogeechee River basin contains parts of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces, which extend throughout the southeastern United States.

Coastal Plain sediments overlap the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the southern edge of the Piedmont Province at the Fall Line.

[4] The Ogeechee River watershed in Georgia crosses four major land resource areas.

The dominant soils in this part of the watershed have 40 to 60 inches of sandy materials overlying a loamy subsoil.

[5] In fact, though the origin of the name "Ogeechee" is uncertain, it may be derived from a Muskogee term meaning "river of the Uchees", referring to the Yuchi people, who inhabited areas near it.