Oil Trough is a town in Independence County, Arkansas, United States.

[3] The town is believed to have acquired its name in the early 19th century from a trough used to render bear fat, which was sold to customers in New Orleans.

[4] Oil Trough is located on the south bank of the White River along Arkansas Highway 14 between Elmo, approximately four miles to the east and Rosie, five miles to the west.

[5] According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.5 km2 (0.2 mi2), all land.

29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.