Oldbury-on-the-Hill is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Didmarton, in the Cotswold district, in Gloucestershire, England, ninety-three miles west of London and less than one-mile (1.6 km) north of the village of Didmarton.

[3] Oldbury-on-the-Hill has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and Nan Tow's Tump, a round barrow beside the A46 road, is a Bronze Age earthwork and archaeological site.

[6][7] The name refers to Nan Tow, said to have been a local witch who was buried upright in the barrow.

Benjamin Clarke's British Gazetteer (1852) says:[17] OLDBURY-ON-THE-HILL, Gloucester, a parish in the upper division of the hundd.

9s.According to The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868):[18] OLDBURY-ON-THE-HILL, a parish in the upper division of the hundred of Grumbald's Ash, county Gloucester, 5 miles (8.0 km) S.W.

[21][22][23] Monumental inscriptions from St Arilda's churchyard include the names Alcock, Baker, Bayliss, Chappell, Clark, Cockram, Dale, Fry, Gunter, Hatherell, Hatherle, Holborow, Holobrow, Long, Pirtt, Rice, Thompson, Toghill, Verrinder, Walker, Watts, Webb, White, and Yorke.

[24] The earliest record so far found of a church at Oldbury-on-the-Hill occurs in 1273, when there is a mention of a ‘free chapel’ there.

[12] The oldest part of the present medieval parish church of Oldbury is estimated to date from the 14th century.

St Arilda was a Gloucestershire virgin and martyr who lived at an uncertain time before the Norman Conquest of England at Kington, near Thornbury, which is now in the parish of Oldbury-on-Severn.