[1] He taught at the history department of Moscow State University[2] and is currently a professor at the Higher School of Economics.
[3] He has authored a number of books on the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and the Gulag system.
A review by The Times Literary Supplement described him as "one of a now endangered species: a Russian historian who collaborates with Western scholars and funding bodies to produce objective studies based on newly published documents", but criticized Khlevniuk for dismissing everything that has not been directly proven by archival documents.
[4] His outlook on Soviet history is placed by Lewis Siegelbaum within the "neo-totalitarian" school.
[5] He is a recipient, together with Yoram Gorlizki, of the 2004 Alec Nove Prize, awarded by the British Association for Slavonic & East European Studies, for their book Cold Peace: Stalin and the Soviet Ruling Circle, 1945–1953.