Olga Bronstein was born in Yanovka, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine), a small village 15 miles from the nearest post office.

In his absence, the head of the Commissariat, Anatoly Lunacharsky, secured Lenin's permission to revise government policy in favor of more traditional theaters and dismissed Kameneva in June.

[4] Between 1921 and 1923, Kameneva was a leading member of the Central Commission for Fighting the After-Effects of the Famine[5] and oversaw a propaganda campaign against the American Relief Administration (ARA) under Herbert Hoover in the Soviet press.

[6] From 1926 to 1928, Kameneva served as chairman of the USSR Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries ("Voks", Vsesoiuznoe Obshchestvo Kul'turnoi Sviazi s Zagranitsei)[7] In that capacity she greeted many prominent Western visitors to the Soviet Union, e.g.

Le Corbusier[8] and Theodore Dreiser,[9] and represented the Soviet Union at the festivities in Vienna commemorating the centennial of Ludwig van Beethoven's death in March–April 1927.

In the early 1920s, Kameneva's family life began to disintegrate, starting with Lev Kamenev's reputed affair with the British sculptor Clare Sheridan in 1920.

On 27 July 1935, the NKVD (Soviet secret police) Special Board banned her from Moscow and Leningrad for 5 years in connection with the Kremlin Affair.