Olga Borisovna Lepeshinskaya (Russian: Ольга Борисовна Лепешинская), née Protopopova (Протопопова; August 18, 1871 – October 2, 1963), was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet pseudoscientist, who advanced her career as a biologist in the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences through fraudulent claims and personal ties with Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Trofim Lysenko and Alexander Oparin.

After Lenin had launched the newspaper Iskra, they acted as its agents in Pskov north west Russia, until 1903, when they emigrated to Geneva and opened a cafe.

This became the main meeting point for the Bolsheviks who supported Lenin at a time when he was outnumbered among the Russian exiles by the Mensheviks and was furthermore under pressure to settle the rift within the RSDLP.

[3] She obtained a medical licence and was Assistant Professor of Therapy at Moscow University Lepeshinskaya was a participant in the October Revolution.

In 1941 she became the head of the Department of Live Matter at the Institute of Experimental Biology with the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences for the remainder of her career.

She involved her daughter Olga and her son-in-law Vladimir Kryukov in her work; in contrast, her husband, Panteleimon Lepechinsky, thought little of it.