Oligocottus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins.

[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae,[3] however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Oligocottinae of the family Psychrolutidae.

[4] Oligocottus prefixes oligos, meaning "small", with Cottus, the type species of the family Cottidae.

[5] There are four species listed in this genus:[6] Oligocottus sculpins are characterised within the sculpins by having the anus located immediately to the front of the origin of the anal fin, the intromittent organ of the males is shaped like a long, thin cone and the front rays of the males' anal fins are modified.

They are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones and have the ability to breathe air.