Oliver Sherman Prescott (March 24, 1824 - November 17, 1903) was a prominent American Anglo-Catholic priest and activist who was active in the foundation of the Society of St. John the Evangelist.
Prescott was an early member of the abortive monastic order the Society of the Holy Cross, founded at Valle Crucis, North Carolina by Bishop Levi Silliman Ives.
Following the collapse of the order, he served as an assistant priest at the Church of the Advent, Boston; here his Ritualist activities provoked the censure of the diocesan Bishop Manton Eastburn and resulted in four ecclesiastical trials between 1850 and 1853.
He next joined the Cowley Fathers (the Society of St. John the Evangelist (SSJE) with Charles Chapman Grafton and Richard Meux Benson, living at their religious houses in England from 1869 to 1876.
Extensive local religious controversy continued here over matters of Anglo-Catholic ceremonial and practice, with charges brought against Prescott by Bishop William Bacon Stevens.