In 2009, she obtained her Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of Cambridge (UK), as a Prince of Wales Student of Trinity College, with a thesis entitled "The duality between Grothendieck toposes and geometric theories" under the supervision of Peter Johnstone.
[7] Caramello has held a research fellowship at Jesus College, Cambridge and post-doctoral appointments at the De Giorgi Center of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Paris Diderot University and the University of Milan (as holder of a Marie Curie Fellowship of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica) and the Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques.
[16] Caramello was awarded the AILA[17] (Associazione Italiana di Logica e sue Applicazioni) Prize in 2011,[18] a "L'Oréal-Unesco Fellowship for Women in Science" in 2014[19] and a "Rita Levi Montalcini" position of the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research in 2017.
[20] Caramello's methodology of toposes as bridges has been qualified by André Joyal as a "vast extension of Felix Klein's Erlangen Programme"[21] and has been endorsed by Fields Medalists Alain Connes[22] and Laurent Lafforgue.
[23] In 2015 Caramello had a public controversy with a number of senior exponents of the category theory community, whom she accused of spreading negative ungrounded opinions on her work;[24] her case is discussed in an academic paper.