He represented Bellechasse in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1875 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Lavaltrie, Lower Canada, the son of Ambroise Pelletier and Louise-Sophie Giguère, and was educated at the Collège de l'Assomption and the Université Laval.
Pelletier was president of the Bellechasse Colonization Society.
He was defeated by Pierre Fradet when he ran for reelection in 1875.
Pelletier died in Saint-Charles at the age of 47.