Household stone implements in Karnataka

Oralu is a Kannada word for turn, which here describes the action of gundukallu, a grinding stone.

They were mounted flush with the kitchen floor or built into counters or as separate stone unit within or outside homes.

Beeso kallu is a household stone implement for dry grinding millet.

Also, on the upper stone is another hole, peripheral in location, which houses a wooden handle for rotating it.

Dundugallu is a household stone implement for wet grinding found mostly in rural areas.

Heavy round or cylindrical or oval stone is then rolled to and fro on the ingredients to grind them.

Kutni is a miniature household stone implement for grinding small quantities of either dry or wet ingredients.

Currently they are made in various sizes and shapes, from materials like iron, steel, brass, alloys, wood, marble stone, granite, or plastic.

[5] In another wedding ritual, instead of turmeric, various other grains like rice and jowar are symbolically pounded by the bride.

Onake is a wooden pole/stick, about the length of an average person, used in the past to pound millets into flour.

A historical, brave woman, Obavva killed enemy soldiers with an onake in a battle at Chitradurga fort.

She is exemplified for the bravery and courage of women of Karnataka alongside another historical ruler, Kittur Chennamma.

[7][8][9][10] Rarely, in domestic quarrels or family feuds or fights with neighbours or in village fights, a threat made by one individual to another can be heard said as "gundukallu yattak bidtini" (ಗುಂಡುಕಲ್ಲು ಯತ್ತಾಕ್ಬಿಡ್ತೀನಿ), which can be translated roughly as "will lift up the grinding stone and throw it on you".