It operated during the premiership of the Agrarian politician Aleksandar Stamboliyski, who served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 1919 to 1923.
The militia earned its unofficial name, the Orange Guard, from the opposition – in reference to BANU's official color.
The radical left-wing politician and one-time leader of the Radomir Rebellion of 1918, Rayko Daskalov (who held several ministerial posts in the BANU government), personally commanded the Orange Guard, having suggested its formation.
[2] The militia became involved in a number of violent confrontations with the political opposition, such as quelling the large transport strike of 1919-1920 (organized by Communists, Anarchists and Socialists)[3] and attacking the founding convention of the right-wing Constitutional Bloc in 1922.
[4] When the Bulgarian coup d'état of 1923 (led by the military and a coalition of right-wing parties, in cooperation with the IMRO) ousted the Agrarian government on 9 June 1923, most of the Orange Guard was concentrated in the capital of Sofia.