Order of Kurmet Orazak Ismagulov (Kazakh: Оразақ Смағұлұлы (romanized: Orazaq Smağūlūly), born 1930) is the first and one of the only anthropologists of Kazakhstan (alongside his daughter, Ainagül Ismagulovna), the doctor of historical sciences (1984) and corresponding member of the Kazakhstan National Academy of Sciences (1994).
In 1958-1961 a post-graduate student of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (scientific adviser G. F. Debets).
In the 1993–1994, within the framework of scientific cooperation with the Institute of Anthropology at the Bolonia University in Italy, Ismagulov headed an international project for problems of adaptation of high-mountain Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan populations in respect to ethno-cultural processes in the region.
Among them a special place takes a compendium of monographs for craniological series, genetic markers, and odontological attributes, compiled to establish a genetic continuity between ancient and modern populations of the Middle Asia, integrity of the historical process, study the Kazakh genetic fund, and the sources of its formation, and major historical phases of Kazakhstan local ancient populations and newcoming ethnic groups from Central Asia.
He mentioned her as his successor, saying that "our work combined equals a 100 years, we two did a job of a whole institute" Under his scientific supervision 4 doctors and 3 candidates of sciences were trained.