This distinction, which qualifies as a second civilian honour of the State, represents a particular honour on behalf of all those, Italians abroad or foreigners, who have acquired special merit in the promotion of friendly relations and cooperation between Italy and other countries and the promotion of ties with Italy.

The nomination conferring the modern-day honour is aimed at supporting the preservation and promotion of national prestige abroad, such as the promotion of the Italian language, volunteering and charitable philanthropic activities, participation in community life of communities abroad, scientific and technological research, pastoral missions, commercial enterprises, as well as the promotion of food and wine and service.

The order is conferred by the President of the Republic on the proposal of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, after consulting the Council of the Order, which shall be chaired by the Minister himself and is composed of four members, one of which is by law the Head of the Diplomatic Protocol of the Republic.

The implementing regulation was issued by the Presidential Decree dated 15 November 2011, n. 221 and is in force since 28 January 2012.

For the year 2012 it was expected for there to be 400 honors awarded, broken down as: To these can be added up to 10 grand crosses of honour.