Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy, later republished as Leninism or Marxism?, is a 1904 pamphlet by Rosa Luxemburg, a Marxist living in Germany.
Luxemburg argued that "spontaneity" was a major factor in the Russian revolutionary situation: the working class are not driven to uprising by centralized leadership.
[1] Charles F. Elliott in the Midwest Journal of Political Science commented that the writing, typical of Luxemburg's work, shows an "obsessive distrust of organization and bureaucracy as inherently conservative".
Elliott believed that Luxemburg was proven wrong by Lenin's tactical flexibility, which she lacked, and the Bolshevik's focus on building a mass movement around the revolutionary leadership.
[6] Bertram Wolfe wrote that though her tone is "remarkably gentle", Luxemburg was "offended in her whole being" by Lenin's support for democratic centralism and opposition to spontaneity.