Peralta made his senior international debut in 2005, though he did not receive call-ups consistently until 2011, being one of the over-aged reinforcements who won the 2011 Pan American Games with the under-22 squad.

He managed to join CESIFUT (Centro de Sinergia Futbolista) [Synergy Center of Football] after having recovered from a broken tibia and fibula which left him immobile for a year.

He was Santos Laguna's main striker and went on to score 82 goals in 225 games during his time with the club, as well as winning the Clausura 2008 and 2012 championships.

Peralta was the top scorer of the 2011–12 CONCACAF Champions League with a total of 7 goals in 8 games helping his team reach the finals against Monterrey, which they lost.

[14] Peralta made his league debut on 19 July, assisting in Osvaldo Martínez's first goal in América's 2–1 win over León.

On 26 May 2018, Oribe Peralta won his second Liga MX title with Club América defeating Cruz Azul in the final with a 2–0 win at the Estadio Azteca.

[23] On 31 January 2020, Peralta scored what would become his final goal as a professional football player in a 2–2 draw against Atlético San Luis.

In the gold-medal match against Brazil, Peralta scored in the first 29 seconds of the game, being assisted by Javier Aquino, making it the fastest goal of the Olympics and in any FIFA tournament final.

[26] In total, Peralta made six appearances and was the tournament's third-best goalscorer, and Mexico's top-scorer with four goals in 529 minutes played.

On 7 July 2016, Peralta was confirmed as one of the three overage players to participate in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

[27] Peralta was named captain and scored the first goal in Mexico's 2–2 draw against Germany in the opening match of Group C on 4 August.

[28] On 7 August, it was announced that Peralta was ruled out of the national squad after sustaining a fractured nose during Mexico's match against Fiji.

[8] Peralta was called up by coach Luis Fernando Tena as one of the five over-aged reinforcements of the Mexican team composed entirely of players under the age of 22 that participated in the 2011 Copa América, though he had a limited role as a reserve.

[31] On 10 August 2011, Peralta officially made his return to the national team after six years and scored his first goal for Mexico against the United States in a match that ended in a 1–1 draw.

[33] He scored the only goal in Mexico's debut match in Natal against Cameroon on 13 June, pouncing on the rebound after goalkeeper Charles Itandje parried Giovani dos Santos' shot after 61 minutes.

[37] After being included in Mexico's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Peralta announced that he would retire from the national team after the competition.

[44] In October 2017, the creation of the Asociación Mexicana de Futbolistas (Mexican Footballers Association) was announced, with Peralta serving as co-president alongside Carlos Salcido.

[45] Peralta is currently sponsored by German sportswear manufacturer Puma, appearing in various adverts for the company, including the presentation of the new line of boots that would be used during the 2014 FIFA World Cup.