Ormuri

The extremely small number of speakers makes Ormuri an endangered language that is considered to be in a "threatened" state.

Ormuri is notable for its unusual sound inventory, which includes a voiceless alveolar trill that does not exist in the surrounding Pashto.

Ormuri, also called Birki at the time was one of the eleven to twelve tongues that were observed by Babar while in the region of Kabul.

A few of the words that were used within his book were Nalattti (Pigs), Nmandzak of Mazdak (Mosque), Teshtan (Owner), Burghu (flout), Haramunai (ill-born), etc.

[9] The dialect of Kaniguram is currently strong, spoken by a relatively prosperous community of Ormur in an isolated part of the rugged Waziristan hills.

Morgenstierne wrote he was told that:Ormuri was no longer spoken in Baraki Barak, the ancient headquarters of the Ormur tribe.

[10] Proper Ormuri words will have the following syllabic patterns: V, VC, CV, CCV, (C)VCC, CVC, CCVC, CCVCC.

When separating most words into syllables, a medial CC will be divided: The language has undergone extensive change in comparison to its ancestral self.

For nominal morphology (nouns, adjectives, and pronouns), aspects of the Kaniguram dialect of grammatical gender has completely been lost in the Logar.

In terms of the verbal morphology, there is a greater variety of conjugations of modal and tense-aspect forms based on the present-tense stem.

Finally, there is a greater number of distinctions between within the system of tense-aspect forms and there are different types of ergative constructions.

Nominal parts of speech contains: Three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and the verb has two voices (active and middle).

In Pashto: A historical examination of Ormuri
Districts of Logar province. This image does not include Azra district, located to the east of Khoshi and Mohammad Agha districts.
North (purple) and South (blue) Waziristan and surrounding Federally Administered Tribal Areas and provinces