Orson James Phelps (February 23, 1820 – May 13, 1897) was an Ontario merchant and political figure.
He was born in New York state in 1820 and came to Grantham Township in Upper Canada with his family in 1833.
He was a lumber merchant and built a sawmill in Flos township in 1870; the community that developed nearby became known as Phelpston.
Phelps served as reeve for Grant and Flos townships and was warden for Simcoe County in 1881.
That election was declared invalid after an appeal but he was reelected in the subsequent by-election.