Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior Francis Oscar Callaway (October 2, 1872 – January 31, 1947) was a three-term U.S. Representative from Texas' twelfth district from 1911 to 1917.

He believed that a civilian army could repel any invasion, that battleships had been made obsolete by submarines, and that the military expenditures called for by the Preparedness Movement unduly favored munition makers.

[2] In 1917 he charged that leading business interests were purchasing newspapers to advance the preparedness campaign, which led his colleague J. Hampton Moore to call for an investigation.

[3] His opposition to preparedness was a major factor in his loss of the renomination bid to James Clifton Wilson, and he retired to Comanche on March 3, 1917.

[2] This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress