Oscar Sherman Adams (January 9, 1874 – March 5, 1962) was an American mathematician, geodesist, and cartographer who worked for the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1910 to 1944.

He was one of the foremost experts on map projections, and was instrumental in the foundation of the North American Datum of 1927 and the State Plane Coordinate System.

He attended local public schools in Gambier, and was an undergraduate student at Kenyon College, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree as valedictorian of the class of 1896.

Adams joined Company L of the Fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteers Infantry and was sent as a corporal to fight in the Puerto Rico campaign.

), "The American Army Moves on Puerto-Rico: Part 3", Spanish American War Centennial Website "Dr. Oscar Adams Quits Geodetic Survey Post", Washington Evening Star, July 7, 1944, p. A-7: Dr. Oscar Sherman Adams, 70, has retired as principal mathematician of the Coast and Geodetic Survey after 34 years' service, it was announced today, and plans to return to Ohio at the end of this month.