[1] In 1933, alongside Eugenio González Rojas, with whom showed his anarchist affiliation, founded the collective Acción Revolucionaria Socialista (ARS).

Then, this association and another three merged into the current Socialist Party of Chile in April 1933, so that he was a founder member next to Marmaduke Grove, Eugenio Matte, Salvador Allende and González Rojas.

Nevertheless, the rising of both President Arturo Alessandri Palma's liberal-conservative right and Chilean Nazis (MNSCh, «nacis») forced him to seal an alliance with the PC and the PR.

That way, it was established Popular Front of Chile, whose leader was Pedro Aguirre Cerda, who triumphed the 1938 Chilean presidential election over liberal-manchesterian economist Gustavo Ross Santa María.

[6] After 1973 coup d'état led by Augusto Pinochet, his nephew Eric suffered persecution under Chilean dictatorship.