[2] In 1940, Osman retreated to the mountains as the administration of the Republic of China began to increase its military presence in the region.

During World War II, Turkic independence movements in the region gained momentum as both China and the Soviet Union were preoccupied with invading Axis forces.

The leaders of individual districts and units showed separatism, notably one of the most striking "field commanders" of Osman.

The rebellion was caused by the decision of the authorities to transfer the pastures and watering places to the settled peasants – Dungans and Chinese.

In 1943, Altai Kazakhs rebelled again due to the decision of the authorities to relocate them to the south of Xinjiang and place Chinese refugees in their nomadic lands.

After Osman met with Khorloogiin Choibalsan, leader of the Mongolian People's Republic, weapons rebels supplied the MPR.

The Altai governor refused to comply with the instructions of the republic's leadership, and his troops did not obey the army's command.

Osman hatched plans to create the Altai Khanate, utterly independent of the ETR and China, hoping for support from Mongolia.

The head of the NKVD, Beria, turned to Molotov with a request to coordinate actions against this Kazakh Robin Hood with Marshal MPR Choibalsan.

At the beginning of June 1947, a detachment of Osman of several hundred fighters, with the support of Kuomintang army units, invaded the territory of Mongolia in the Baitag-Bogd region.

Osman remained on the side of the Kuomintang government, received reinforcements of people, weapons, and ammunition, and in the fall of 1947, fought in the Altai District with the troops of the ETR.