Ottomanism

Its proponents believed that it could create the Unity of the Peoples, İttihad-ı Anasır, needed to keep millets from tearing the empire apart.

Primary education, conscription, head tax and military service were to be applied to non-Muslims and Muslims alike.

[4] This accounted in part for the success of the Ottoman Empire: the Sultan didn't force any major changes on populations as he conquered them.

Because of struggle for self-determination, the concept of nation-states with shared senses of identities began to rise in Europe, most notably with the Greek War of Independence of 1821-1830, which also started affecting the various other peoples of the Ottoman Empire.

From these instances, Ottomanism developed as a social and political response, with the hope of saving the Empire from downfall.

The Ottoman Nationality Law appeared before any commonly-adopted international concept of the basic elements of this legislation.

The idea behind the adoption of a national flag was inspired by Ottomanism — a common banner which all citizens of the empire could rally under regardless of race or religious group
Opening of the first Ottoman Parliament after the proclamation of the Ottoman Constitution of 1876