Owsei Temkin (Belarusian: Аўсей Цемкін; October 6, 1902 – July 18, 2002) was William H. Welch Professor Emeritus of the History of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University.

[1] In 1905 his Jewish family moved to Leipzig, Germany, to avoid pogroms.

He became known as one of the world's foremost experts on the interaction of medicine and culture throughout history.

[1] During his academic career and retirement, he published hundreds of articles and a dozen books on the history of medicine.

[1] Temkin received the Welch Medal and the Sarton Medal and was elected to the American Philosophical Society,[3] the National Academy of Sciences,[4] and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.